電動(dòng)執(zhí)行器和閥門(mén)安裝的14大禁忌！可得注意了！
14 Major Contraindications for electric actuator and valve Installation! Just be careful!

安裝閥門(mén)和電動(dòng)執(zhí)行器，可不是一件容易的事情，這有14大禁忌，你都知道嗎？萬(wàn)一觸犯了這些禁忌，會(huì)有什么后果？又該如何解決呢？今天就讓天蝶閥門(mén)小編帶您來(lái)看一看!

Installing valves and electric actuators is not an easy thing to do. There are 14 taboos, you know? What would happen if these taboos were violated? How are we going to solve this problem? Today let Tandy valve editorial staff take you to have a look!

禁忌1  冬期施工在負(fù)溫度下進(jìn)行水壓試驗(yàn)。
Taboo 1  The water pressure test was carried out under negative temperature in the winter construction.

后果：由于水壓試驗(yàn)時(shí)管內(nèi)很快結(jié)冰，使管凍壞。
Consequences: As the water pressure test, the tube freezes quickly.

措施：盡量在冬施前進(jìn)行水壓試驗(yàn)，并且試壓后要將水吹凈，特別是閥門(mén)內(nèi)的水必須清除于凈，否則閥門(mén)將會(huì)凍裂。

工程必須在冬季進(jìn)行水壓試驗(yàn)時(shí)，要保持室內(nèi)正溫度下進(jìn)行，試壓后要將水吹凈。在不能進(jìn)行水壓試驗(yàn)時(shí)，可用壓縮空氣進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。
Measures: Try to do water pressure test before the winter application, and after the test, the water must be cleaned, especially in the valve, otherwise the valve will freeze.
The water pressure test must be carried out in winter under normal indoor temperature, and the water must be blown out after the test. Compressed air may be used to test when a water pressure test cannot be carried out.

禁忌2  管道系統(tǒng)竣工前沖洗不認(rèn)真，流量和速度達(dá)不到管道沖洗要求。甚至以水壓強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)泄水代替沖洗。

Taboo2  The pipe system is not properly flushed before completion, and the flow and speed can not meet the requirements of pipe flushing. Even the water pressure strength test is used instead of flushing.

后果：水質(zhì)達(dá)不到管道系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行要求，往往還會(huì)造成管道截面減少或堵塞。
Consequences: The quality of the water does not meet the operational requirements of the pipe system, often resulting in a reduction or blockage of the pipe cross-section.

措施：用系統(tǒng)內(nèi)大設(shè)汁流量或不應(yīng)小于3m／s的水流速度進(jìn)行沖洗。應(yīng)以排出口水色、透明度與入口水的水色、透明度目測(cè)一致為合格。 
Measures: Using the maximum juice flow rate in the system or not less than 3m/ s water flow rate for flushing. Shall be qualified as water color, transparency and the water color and transparency of the inlet water are in accordance with the visual measurement.

禁忌3  污水、雨水、冷凝水管不做閉水試驗(yàn)便做隱蔽。
Taboo3  Sewage, rainwater, condensate pipe do not do closed water test to do covert.

后果：可能造成漏水，并造成用戶損失。
Consequences: May cause leakage and loss to users.

措施：閉水試驗(yàn)工作應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按規(guī)范檢查驗(yàn)收。地下埋設(shè)、吊頂內(nèi)、管子間等暗裝污水、雨水、冷凝水管等要達(dá)到確保不滲不漏。
Measures: The closed water test shall be inspected and accepted strictly according to the norms. Buried underground, suspended ceiling, pipe room and other hidden sewage, rainwater, condensate pipe, etc. shall be so as to ensure that no leakage.

禁忌4  管道系統(tǒng)水壓強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)和嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)時(shí)，僅觀察壓力值和水位變化，對(duì)滲漏檢查不夠。

Taboo4  Only pressure values and water level changes are observed in the hydraulic strength test and strictness test of pipeline system, and leakage inspection is not enough.

后果：管道系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行后發(fā)生滲漏現(xiàn)象，影響正常使用。
Consequence: Leakage happens after the pipeline system is in operation, which affects the normal use.

措施：管道系統(tǒng)依據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求和施工規(guī)范規(guī)定進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)時(shí)，除在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)記錄壓力值或水位變化，特別要仔細(xì)檢查是否存在滲漏問(wèn)題。
Measures: When testing in the pipeline system in accordance with the design requirements and construction specifications, in addition to recording pressure values or changes in water levels within a specified period of time, in particular to examine carefully the existence of leakage problems.

禁忌5  蝶閥法蘭盤(pán)用普通閥門(mén)法蘭盤(pán)。

Taboo5  Butterfly valve flanges are ordinary valve flanges.

后果：蝶閥法蘭盤(pán)與普通閥門(mén)法蘭盤(pán)尺寸大小不一，有的法蘭內(nèi)徑小，而蝶閥的閥瓣大，造成打不開(kāi)或硬性打開(kāi)而使閥門(mén)損壞。
Consequences: The size of the butterfly valve flange is different from the size of the general valve flange. Some flanges have small inner diameter, while the disc of the butterfly valve is large, which can not be opened or hard to open and damage the valve.
措施：要按照蝶閥法蘭的實(shí)際尺寸加工法蘭盤(pán)。
Measures: The flange should be machined according to the actual size of the butterfly valve flange.

禁忌6  建筑結(jié)構(gòu)施工中沒(méi)有預(yù)留孔洞和預(yù)埋件，或預(yù)留孔洞尺寸偏小和預(yù)埋件沒(méi)做標(biāo)記。

Taboo6  In the construction of building structure, there are no reserved holes and embedded parts, or the reserved holes are small in size and the embedded parts are not marked.

后果：暖衛(wèi)工程施工中，剔鑿建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，甚至切斷受力鋼筋，影響建筑物安全性能。
Consequences: In the construction of the CHP, the construction structure can be chiseled or even cut off the stress steel bar, which will affect the safety performance of the building.

措施：認(rèn)真熟悉暖衛(wèi)工程施工圖紙，根據(jù)管道及支吊架安裝的需要，主動(dòng)認(rèn)真配合建筑結(jié)構(gòu)施工預(yù)留孔洞和預(yù)埋件，具體參照設(shè)計(jì)要求和施工規(guī)范規(guī)定。 
Measures: Be familiar with the construction drawings of HVP, take the initiative to cooperate with the hole and embedded parts in the construction of building structure according to the requirements of pipe and hanger installation, and refer to the requirements of design and construction code for specific requirements.

禁忌7  管道焊接時(shí)，對(duì)口后管子錯(cuò)口不在一個(gè)中心線上，對(duì)口不留間隙，厚壁管不鏟坡口，焊縫的寬度、高度不符合施工規(guī)范要求。

Taboo7  The interface is not in a center line, there is no gap between the mouth and the thick wall pipe is not shoveled, the width and height of the weld are not in accordance with the requirements of the construction code.

后果：管子錯(cuò)口不在一中心線直接影響焊接質(zhì)量及觀感質(zhì)量。對(duì)口不留間隙，厚壁管不鏟坡口，焊縫的寬度、高度不符合要求時(shí)焊接達(dá)不到強(qiáng)度的要求。
Consequences:  The pipe misalignment not in a central line directly affects the quality of welding and the quality of perception. The width and height of the weld are not up to the requirements of the strength when the gap is not kept, the thick-wall pipe is not shoveled, and the width and height of the weld are not up to the requirements.

措施：焊接管道對(duì)口后，管子不能錯(cuò)口，要在一個(gè)中心線上，對(duì)口應(yīng)留間隙，厚壁管要鏟坡口，另外焊縫的寬度、高度應(yīng)按照規(guī)范要求焊接。   
Measures: When pipe is welded, the pipe after welding pipe to mouth, pipe should not be staggered, to a center line, should leave clearance, thick-wall pipe to shovel slope, and the width and height of weld should be welded according to the specifications. 

禁忌8  管道直接埋設(shè)在凍土和沒(méi)有處理的松土上，管道支墩間距和位置不當(dāng)，甚至采用干碼磚形式。
Taboo8  The pipe is directly buried on frozen soil and untreated loose soil. The distance and position of the pipe buttress are improper, even in the form of dry-code bricks.

后果：管道由于支承不穩(wěn)固，在回填土夯實(shí)過(guò)程中遭受損壞，造成返工修理。 
Consequence: The pipe is damaged in the course of backfill tamping due to the unstable support, causing rework-ing repair.

措施：管道不得埋設(shè)在凍土和沒(méi)有處理的松土上，支墩間距要符合施工規(guī)范要求，支墊要牢靠，特別是管道接口處，不應(yīng)承受剪切力。磚支墩要用水泥沙漿砌筑，保證完整、牢固。
Measures: Pipelines shall not be buried on frozen soil and untreated loose soil, the spacing of piers shall meet the requirements of the construction code, the cushion shall be firm, especially at the pipe joint, and shall not be subjected to shear force. Brick piers to be built with water and sediment slurry to ensure integrity and firmness.

禁忌9  固定管道支架的膨脹螺栓材質(zhì)低劣，安裝膨脹螺栓的孔徑過(guò)大或者膨脹螺栓安裝在磚墻甚至輕質(zhì)墻體上。
Taboo9  pipe supports are of inferior material, and the diameter of installing expansion bolts is too large or the expansion bolts are installed on brick walls or even light walls.

后果：管道支架松動(dòng)，管道發(fā)生變形，甚至脫落。
Consequence: The pipe support is loose, the pipe is deformed and even falls off.

措施：膨脹螺栓必須選擇合格的產(chǎn)品，必要時(shí)應(yīng)抽樣進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)檢查，安裝膨脹螺栓的孔徑不應(yīng)大于膨脹螺栓外徑2mm，膨脹螺栓應(yīng)用于混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)上。The expansion bolts for fixing 
Measures: The expansion bolt must be selected qualified products, and the sample should be inspected if necessary. The diameter of the expansion bolt should not be more than 2mm, and the expansion bolt should be applied to the concrete structure.

禁忌10  管道連接的法蘭盤(pán)及襯墊強(qiáng)度不夠，連接螺栓短或直徑細(xì)。熱力管道使用橡膠墊，冷水管道使用石棉墊，以及采用雙層墊或斜面墊，法蘭襯墊突入管內(nèi)。
Taboo10  Flanges and gaskets for pipe connections are not strong enough, with short bolts or fine diameters. Heating pipes use rubber mats, cold water pipes use asbestos mats, and double or bevel gaskets, flanged gaskets projecting into the tubes.

后果：法蘭盤(pán)連接處不嚴(yán)密，甚至損壞，出現(xiàn)滲漏現(xiàn)象。法蘭襯墊突入管內(nèi)，會(huì)增加水流阻力。
Consequences: The flange connection is not tight, even damaged, and leakage occurs. The flange bushing thrusting into the tube will increase the flow resistance.

措施：管道用法蘭盤(pán)及襯墊必須滿足管道設(shè)計(jì)工作壓力的要求。

采暖和熱水供應(yīng)管道的法蘭襯墊，宜采用橡膠石棉墊；給排水管道的法蘭襯墊，宜采用橡膠墊。

法蘭的襯墊不得突入管內(nèi)，其外圓到法蘭螺栓孔為宜。法蘭中間不得放置斜面墊或幾個(gè)襯墊，連接法蘭的螺栓直徑比法蘭盤(pán)孔徑宜小于2mm，螺栓桿突出螺母長(zhǎng)度宜為螺母厚度的1／2。 
Measures: Flanges and gaskets for pipes must meet the requirements of pipe design work-ing pressure.
Flange gaskets for heating and hot water supply lines should be rubber asbestos gaskets. The flange gasket of water supply and drainage pipe should be rubber pad.
The gasket of the flange shall not go into the pipe, and its outer circle to the flange bolt hole is advisable. The flange should not be placed in the middle of the beveled gasket or several gaskets, the bolt diameter of the connecting flange should be less than 2mm than that of the flange plate, and the length of the bolt rod salient nut should be 1/2 of the thickness of the nut.

禁忌11  閥門(mén)和電動(dòng)執(zhí)行器安裝方法錯(cuò)誤。
Taboo11  Wrong installation of valve and electric actuator.

例如截止閥或止回閥水(汽)流向與標(biāo)志相反，閥桿朝下安裝，水平安裝的止回閥采取垂直安裝，明桿閘閥或蝶閥手柄沒(méi)有開(kāi)、閉空間，暗裝閥門(mén)的閥桿不朝向檢查門(mén)。
For example cut-off or check valve water (vapor) flow direction and mark opposite, Stem mounted downwards, horizontal mounting check valves are vertical mounted, open stem gate valves or butterfly handles not open and closed, hidden valve stem not facing inspection doors.
 
后果：閥門(mén)失靈，開(kāi)關(guān)檢修困難，閥桿朝下往往造成漏水。
Consequences: Valve failure, difficult switch repair, stem down often causes leakage.

措施：嚴(yán)格按閥門(mén)安裝說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行安裝，明桿閘閥留足閥桿伸長(zhǎng)開(kāi)啟高度，蝶閥充分考慮手柄轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)空間，各種閥門(mén)桿不能低于水平位置，更不能向下。暗裝閥門(mén)不但要設(shè)置滿足閥門(mén)開(kāi)閉需要的檢查門(mén)，同時(shí)閥桿應(yīng)朝向檢查門(mén)。Wrong valve installation method. 
Measures: strictly follow the valve installation instructions, keep the foot of the stem elongation open height, the butterfly valve takes full account of the handle rotation space, various stem can not be lower than the horizontal position, let alone downward. The hidden valve shall be provided not only with an inspection door that meets the needs of the valve opening and closing, but also with the stem facing the inspection door.

禁忌12  安裝閥門(mén)的規(guī)格、型號(hào)不符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。

Taboo12  The specification and model of installation valve do not meet the design requirements.
例如閥門(mén)的公稱壓力小于系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)壓力；給水支管當(dāng)管徑小于或等于50mm時(shí)采用閘閥；熱水采暖的干、立管采用截止閥；消防水泵吸水管采用蝶閥。
For example, the nominal pressure of the valve is less than the system test pressure; A gate valve is used when the diameter of the water supply branch pipe is less than or equal to 50mm; The hot water heating dry, riser adopts the cut-off valve; The suction pipe of fire pump adopts butterfly valve.

后果：影響閥門(mén)正常開(kāi)閉及調(diào)節(jié)阻力、壓力等功能。甚至造成系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行中，閥門(mén)損壞被迫修理。
Consequences: Affect the normal opening and closing of the valve and adjust the resistance, pressure and other functions. Even cause system operation, valve damage to be forced to repair.

措施：熟悉各類閥門(mén)的應(yīng)用范圍，按設(shè)計(jì)的要求選擇閥門(mén)的規(guī)格和型號(hào)。閥門(mén)的公稱壓力要滿足系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)壓力的要求。按施工規(guī)范要求：給水支管管徑小于或等于50mm應(yīng)采用截止閥；當(dāng)管徑大于50mm應(yīng)采用閘閥。熱水采暖干、立控制閥應(yīng)采用閘閥，消防水泵吸水管不應(yīng)采用蝶閥。
Measures: Familiar with the application range of all kinds of valves, select the specification and model of valves according to the design requirements. The nominal pressure of the valve shall meet the requirements of system test pressure. According to the requirements of the construction code: the water supply branch pipe diameter is less than or equal to 50mm should use the cut-off valve; Gate valves should be used when the pipe diameter is more than 50mm. Hot water heating dry, vertical control valve should be used gate valve, fire pump suction pipe should not use butterfly valve.

禁忌13  閥門(mén)和電動(dòng)執(zhí)行器安裝前不按規(guī)定進(jìn)行必要的質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)。
Taboo13  Valve and electric actuator installation is not required to carry out the necessary quality inspection.

后果：系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行中閥門(mén)開(kāi)關(guān)不靈活，關(guān)閉不嚴(yán)及出現(xiàn)漏水(汽)的現(xiàn)象，造成返工修理，甚至影響正常供水(汽)。

措施：閥門(mén)安裝前，應(yīng)做耐壓強(qiáng)度和嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)應(yīng)以每批(同牌號(hào)、同規(guī)格、同型號(hào))數(shù)量中抽查10％，且不少于一個(gè)。
Consequences: system operation valve switch is not flexible, close not strict and leakage (steam) phenomenon, resulting in rework repair, and even affect the normal water supply (steam).

對(duì)于安裝在主干管上起切斷作用的閉路閥門(mén)，應(yīng)逐個(gè)作強(qiáng)度和嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)。閥門(mén)強(qiáng)度和嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)壓力應(yīng)符合《建筑給排水及采暖工程施工質(zhì)量驗(yàn)收規(guī)范》(GB 50242-2002)規(guī)定。
Measures : pressure strength and tightness test should be done before valve installation. The test shall be carried out in batches of 10 % and not less than one in each batch ( same brand, same specification, same type ). 
For the closed circuit valve installed on the main pipe, the strength and tightness test shall be done one by one. Valve strength and tightness test pressure should be in line with the " building water supply and drainage and heating engineering construction quality acceptance specification " ( GB )  50242-2002).

禁忌14  施工使用的主要材料、設(shè)備及制品，缺少符合國(guó)家或部頒現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的技術(shù)質(zhì)量鑒定文件或產(chǎn)品合格證。
Taboo14  The main materials, equipment and products used in the construction are lack of technical quality appraisal documents or product qualification certificates that meet the current standards issued by the state or ministry.

后果：工程質(zhì)量不合格，存在事故隱患，不能按期交付使用，必須返工修理；造成工期拖延，人工和物資投入增加。
Consequences: The project quality is unqualified, there is hidden danger of accident, can not be delivered and used on schedule, must rework repair; As a result, the construction period is delayed and the input of labor and materials is increased.

措施：給排水及暖衛(wèi)工程所使用的主要材料、設(shè)備及制品，應(yīng)有符合國(guó)家或部頒發(fā)現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的技術(shù)質(zhì)量鑒定文件或產(chǎn)品合格證；應(yīng)標(biāo)明其產(chǎn)品名稱、型號(hào)、規(guī)格、國(guó)家質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代號(hào)、出廠日期、生產(chǎn)廠家名稱及地點(diǎn)、出廠產(chǎn)品檢驗(yàn)證明或代號(hào)。 
Measures: The main materials, equipment and products used in water supply, drainage and heating projects shall be provided with technical quality appraisal documents or product conformity certificates in accordance with the current standards issued by the State or the Ministry; The product name, model, specification, national quality standard code, date of departure, name and location of the manufacturer, inspection certificate or code of the factory shall be indicated.